The effect of the Muslim conquests: One of the immediate results of the Muslim conquests was the political unification of the entire Middle East for the first time in its history.
*Sudan Accuses RSF of ‘War Crimes’ in El-Fasher as Survivors Describe Mass Killings and Assaults
*Sudanese envoy says Khartoum will boycott peace talks if UAE remains involved
NORTH DARFUR, SUDAN — November 3, 2025:
The Sudanese government accused the RSF of large-scale war crimes in the city of El-Fasher, the capital of North Darfur, after seizing control of the city last week. Survivors who managed to flee the city have shared harrowing accounts of mass killings, sexual assaults, and indiscriminate violence, while Sudan’s envoy to Egypt alleged that the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has been backing the RSF militarily — a claim the Gulf nation denies.
Sudan accuses RSF of genocide and UAE of complicity
Speaking at a press conference in Cairo on Sunday, Sudan’s ambassador to Egypt, Imadeldin Mustafa Adawi, said the RSF’s recent offensive on El-Fasher amounted to “genocide and war crimes.” He urged the international community to take immediate and decisive action, rather than merely issuing statements of concern.
“The government of Sudan calls on the world to designate the RSF as a terrorist organization,” Adawi declared. “The paramilitary has carried out massacres and atrocities that amount to genocide, supported by their official regional financier — the United Arab Emirates.”
Adawi added that Khartoum would refuse to participate in any peace negotiations that include the UAE as a mediator. Talks currently involve Egypt, Saudi Arabia, the United States, and the UAE, but Sudan insists that Abu Dhabi’s alleged support for the RSF disqualifies it from any neutral role.
“We do not see the UAE as a trustworthy mediator,” said Adawi. “They are part of the problem, not the solution.”
UAE denies accusations
The UAE, for its part, has rejected Sudan’s allegations of supplying arms to the RSF. Speaking at a regional security forum in Manama, Bahrain, Emirati presidential adviser Anwar Gargash said the UAE’s only goal is to help end the war.
“We all made a mistake when the two generals who are now fighting overthrew the civilian government,” Gargash said. “That was, in hindsight, a critical turning point. But our intention now is to restore peace, not fuel the conflict.”
City of El-Fasher in ruins
The accusations come days after the RSF captured El Fasher on November 1 after an 18-month siege that left much of the city in ruins. The city — once the Sudanese army’s last stronghold in Darfur — fell after a prolonged blockade that starved civilians of food, medicine, and fuel.
The Sudanese government estimates at least 2,000 people were killed during the assault, though survivors and aid workers believe the true number could be significantly higher. Drone footage taken after the takeover shows entire neighborhoods flattened and streets littered with bodies.
The United Nations estimates that more than 62,000 people have fled the city, with many heading north to Al Dabbah in Sudan’s Northern State. There, internally displaced families reside in makeshift camps with minimal access to food, shelter, or medical care.
Witness accounts of horror
Those who managed to escape El Fasher have painted a grim picture of what happened inside the city.
Adam Yahya, a father of four, said that an RSF drone strike killed his wife days before the city fell. He and his children fled amid the chaos and bloodshed.
“The streets were full of dead people,” Yahya told Al Jazeera. “When we reached one of the RSF’s sand barriers, they opened fire on everyone — men, women, and children. I heard one of them shout, ‘Kill them all, leave no one alive.'”
Yahya said he and his children hid for hours before sneaking past the checkpoint under the cover of darkness and escaping to a village nearby.
Another survivor is 45-year-old Rasha, who recounted being sexually assaulted by RSF fighters while searching for her sons.
“They stopped me and forced me into a house,” she said tearfully. “I told them I was old enough to be their mother, but they didn’t care. They let me go after, and I ran to get my daughters. I haven’t seen my sons since.”
Like many others, Rasha fled the city on foot through bodies littered in the streets and destroyed homes, until she reached a place considered safe.
Aid agencies report missing thousands
Humanitarian organizations warn that the situation remains catastrophic. Thousands of people remain unaccounted for and are believed to be stranded in surrounding villages or trapped inside El-Fasher with no way out.
Caroline Bouvard, Sudan country director for Solidarités International, said communication with the city has been completely cut off since the RSF takeover.
“We’re operating in a total information blackout,” Bouvard explained. “We hear from neighboring areas that up to 15,000 people are still stranded without food or water. It’s impossible to reach them safely due to ongoing fighting.”
She added that aid groups are urging all parties to allow humanitarian convoys through.
“We need safe corridors to deliver aid or transport civilians to safer areas,” she said. “These people have been through unimaginable suffering — and they’re still in danger.”
A call for accountability
Sudan’s Prime Minister Kamil Idris has joined those calling for the RSF to face international justice. In an interview with the Swiss newspaper Blick, Idris said the leaders of the group should be tried for war crimes, but rejected proposals for foreign troops to intervene, calling such a move “illegal and unacceptable.”
A conflict between the RSF and Sudanese army that started in April 2023 has thrown the country into one of the world’s worst humanitarian crises. Whole cities have been reduced to rubble, several million people displaced, and famine now threatens large parts of the country. As the war escalates, El Fasher, once a symbol of resistance in Darfur, has become a haunting reminder of Sudan’s descent into chaos, where civilians continue to pay the highest price. — Would you like me to format this as a news article for publication-with headline deck, subheadings, dateline, and quotes styled professionally-or as a report summary-shorter, more neutral, like for a briefing?
